Multiply subtractive generalized Kramers-Kronig relations: application on third harmonic generation susceptibility on polysilane

We present multiply subtractive Kramers-Kronig (MSKK) relations for the moments of arbitrary order harmonic generation susceptibility. Using experimental data on third-harmonic wave from polysilane, we show that singly subtractive Kramers-Kronig (SSKK) relations provide better accuracy of data inversion than the conventional Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relations. The fundamental reason is that SSKK and MSKK relations have strictly faster asymptotic decreasing integrands than the conventional K-K relations. Therefore SSKK and MSKK relations can provide a reliable optical data inversion procedure based on the use of measured data only.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figure

Safety and quality of surgical treatment of early onset scoliosis

Early onset scoliosis (EOS) is defined as abnormal lateral curvature of the spine diagnosed before the age of 10. Untreated EOS is prone to progression and may complicate the normal development of the thoracic cavity and lungs, leading to thoracic insufficiency syndrome. EOS is classified according to the etiology as congenital, neuromuscular, syndromic, or idiopathic early onset scoliosis. Surgical treatment is warranted in severe or progressing EOS. Growth-friendly treatment provides deformity correction while allowing spinal growth. The aim of this thesis was to study the outcomes of modern surgical treatment of EOS. We compared magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) and traditional growing rods (TGR) in severe EOS, compared passive Shilla instrumentation and MCGRs in syndromic and neuromuscular EOS, and studied the effect of growthfriendly surgical treatment in patients with and without growth limiting skeletal dysplasias. Modern surgical treatment of EOS has improved the outcomes and decreased the incidence of complications. Further research is still needed on the optimal instrumentation selection and planning the treatment especially with children with co-morbidities.Varhaisiän skolioosin kirurgisen hoidon tulokset Varhaisiän skolioosi määritellään selkärangan poikkeavana sivuttaissuunnan käyryytenä, joka on todettu ennen kymmentä ikävuotta. Hoitamaton varhaisiän skolioosi on altis etenemään ja voi vaikeuttaa rintaontelon ja keuhkojen normaalia kehitystä johtaen alikehittyneeseen rintaonteloon. Kirurgista hoitoa tarvitaan, kun kyseessä on vaikea käyryys tai etenevä skolioosi. Kasvuystävällinen hoito korjaa selkärangan virheasentoa mahdollistaen samalla selkärangan kasvun. Vertailimme magneettitankoja ja kirurgisesti pidennettäviä kasvutankoja potilailla, joilla oli vakava varhaisiän skolioosi. Lisäksi vertailimme passiivisen Shilla-instrumentaation ja magneettitankojen tuloksia potilailla, joilla oli syndroomaan liittyvä tai neuromuskulaarinen varhaisiän skolioosi. Tutkimme myös kasvuystävällisen kirurgisen hoidon vaikutusta potilailla, joilla oli kasvua rajoittava luustodysplasia, verrattuna potilaisiin, joilla skolioosiin ei liittynyt dysplasia. Varhaisiän skolioosin nykyaikainen kirurginen hoito on parantanut hoidon tuloksia ja vähentänyt komplikaatioiden määrää. Jatkotutkimusta tarvitaan yhä parhaan instrumentaation valintaan sekä hoidon suunnitteluun varsinkin niillä potilailla, joilla varhaisiän skolioosiin liittyy muita sairauksia

Identifying vacancy complexes in compound semiconductors with positron annihilation spectroscopy: a case study of InN

We present a comprehensive study of vacancy and vacancy-impurity complexes in InN combining positron annihilation spectroscopy and ab-initio calculations. Positron densities and annihilation characteristics of common vacancy-type defects are calculated using density functional theory and the feasibility of their experimental detection and distinction with positron annihilation methods is discussed. The computational results are compared to positron lifetime and conventional as well as coincidence Doppler broadening measurements of several representative InN samples. The particular dominant vacancy-type positron traps are identified and their characteristic positron lifetimes, Doppler ratio curves and lineshape parameters determined. We find that In vacancies and their complexes with N vacancies or impurities act as efficient positron traps, inducing distinct changes in the annihilation parameters compared to the InN lattice. Neutral or positively charged N vacancies and pure N vacancy complexes on the other hand do not trap positrons. The predominantly introduced positron trap in irradiated InN is identified as the isolated In vacancy, while in as-grown InN layers In vacancies do not occur isolated but complexed with one or more N vacancies. The number of N vacancies per In vacancy in these complexes is found to increase from the near surface region towards the layer-substrate interface.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Recognition, Religious Identity, and Populism : Lessons from Finland

Peer reviewe

Recognition, Religious Identity, and Populism : Lessons from Finland

Peer reviewe

Effect of different mowing regimes on butterflies and diurnal moths on road verges

In northern and central Europe road verges offer alternative habitats for declining plant and invertebrate species of semi-natural grasslands. The quality of road verges as habitats depends on several factors, of which the mowing regime is one of the easiest to modify. In this study we compared the Lepidoptera communities on road verges that underwent three different mowing regimes regarding the timing and intensity of mowing; mowing in mid-summer, mowing in late summer, and partial mowing (a narrow strip next to the road). A total of 12,174 individuals and 107 species of Lepidoptera were recorded. The mid-summer mown verges had lower species richness and abundance of butterflies and lower species richness and diversity of diurnal moths compared to the late summer and partially mown verges. By delaying the annual mowing until late summer or promoting mosaic-like mowing regimes, such as partial mowing, the quality of road verges as habitats for butterflies and diurnal moths can be improved

Traumatic Hip Dislocation in Pediatric Patients: Clinical Case Series and a Narrative Review of the Literature with an Emphasis on Primary and Long-Term Complications

Traumatic hip dislocation is a rare injury in pediatric populations. Dislocation may be associated with low-energy trauma, such as a minor fall. Traumatic hip dislocation is associated with severe complications, such as avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Timely diagnosis and reposition decrease the rate of complications. In this study we retrospectively assessed traumatic hip dislocations in pediatric patients during a 10-year timespan in a university hospital. There were eight cases of traumatic hip dislocations. All patients had a minimum follow-up of two years and were followed with MRI scans. One patient developed avascular necrosis during the follow-up which resolved conservatively. There were no other significant complications. In conclusion, traumatic hip dislocation is a rare injury which is associated with severe complications. Patients in our case series underwent a timely reposition. The complication rate was similar to previous reports

Traumatic Hip Dislocation in Pediatric Patients: Clinical Case Series and a Narrative Review of the Literature with an Emphasis on Primary and Long-Term Complications

Traumatic hip dislocation is a rare injury in pediatric populations. Dislocation may be associated with low-energy trauma, such as a minor fall. Traumatic hip dislocation is associated with severe complications, such as avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Timely diagnosis and reposition decrease the rate of complications. In this study we retrospectively assessed traumatic hip dislocations in pediatric patients during a 10-year timespan in a university hospital. There were eight cases of traumatic hip dislocations. All patients had a minimum follow-up of two years and were followed with MRI scans. One patient developed avascular necrosis during the follow-up which resolved conservatively. There were no other significant complications. In conclusion, traumatic hip dislocation is a rare injury which is associated with severe complications. Patients in our case series underwent a timely reposition. The complication rate was similar to previous reports